For Men and Women
Clinical trials addressing cholesterol lowering and coronary heart disease (CHD) in middle-aged men with and without CHD have shown that men benefit greatly from cholesterol lowering.
Recent clinical trials have shown that women benefit from cholesterol lowering as much as men.
For Young Adults
It has been shown that atherosclerosis begins during the teen years and early 20s. High cholesterol levels in young adulthood significantly increase the risk for developing CHD later in life.
A recent study showed that young adults with lower cholesterol levels have greater longevity and lower cardiovascular mortality. This has recently been confirmed in a very large pooled study.
Establishing a healthy eating pattern and other positive habits early in life is an important step in keeping CHD risk low. It is important to measure cholesterol levels in young adults so that life habit changes that decrease the lifetime risk for CHD can be initiated early. Waiting until mid-life to measure and treat cholesterol can be costly.
Approximately one-third of first CHD events are fatal, leaving no second chance. Once CHD has become manifest, there is usually a lot of atherosclerosis to treat. Although cholesterol lowering in those with CHD has been shown to be highly beneficial, once CHD is present it is not possible to eliminate all of the excess risk.
For Older Adults
Among older Americans, cholesterol lowering is beneficial for those with CHD as well as those trying to prevent it.
As a group, older Americans (over 65 years) have the highest rate of CHD. Up to three-quarters of older individuals have either obvious or subclinical disease. Even among men who reach 70 years of age without obvious CHD, 1 out of every 3 will still develop the disease in his remaining years; among women free of CHD at age 70, 1 out of every 4 will go on to have the disease.
Furthermore, clinical trials in people with CHD and in primary prevention demonstrated that older participants reduce their CHD risk with cholesterol lowering as much as middle-aged ones. Of particular interest is that cholesterol lowering also reduced the occurrence of strokes in older persons.
In older adults, life habit changes are the foundation of treatment for primary prevention, and a combination of life habit changes and drug therapy will often be needed in those with CHD.
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